It is a large shell-shaped structure in the
middle of the woods, perfectly integrated into
nature. Within it one finds constructed floors,
walls that separate spaces, and furnished
rooms. The natural scenery conjures up a kind
of sci-fi film image, in which locals inhabit an
abandoned spacecraft. With time, trees will
start to grow and encircle the spacecraft, harmonising
it into the landscape.
Being in sync with nature isn’t about
yielding to nature – it’s about coexistence. The
structure’s existence depends on its power to
endure nature. By isolating living space from
the wilderness, and upgrading its quality as a
shelter, the house will be protected from nature
and will provide a comfortable environment to
be used frequently and continuously.
We paid the utmost attention to the comfort
and performance level of the house because
shorter visits call for shorter maintenance times.
In fact, the advent of Shinkansen high-speed
railways has meant that it now takes just an hour
and ten minutes to reach Karuizawa from Tokyo,
with the result that weekend visits to the country
have become a normal occurrence today.
The house’s central control system – which is
perfectly integrated into the architectural form
– enables all mechanical and electrical equipment
to be managed via three buttons. The
installation of a custom-made floor-heating
system minimises the use of heat energy and also
avoids the trouble of having to empty radiator
drainage systems in cold regions. Furthermore,
it is a highly effective way of preventing mould
formation as well as working as a cold-draft
blocking system.
The regions’ low temperatures and high
humidity make for a harsh climate. As a result,
many houses with traditional structures are
decaying. Despite the general avoidance of
concrete as a building material in the region,
its usage, along with the strategy of raising the
house above ground level via a lifting structure,
has helped to protect the building from humidity.
To provide efficiency during maintenance,
the concrete was left exposed and finished with
a penetrative sealer.
In the style of many modern sculptures,
we aimed to enhance the surrounding nature by
incorporating it into the spatial structure. The
idea was to build the villa around the big fir tree
at the centre of the site, with a row of pine trees
as the main view. Initially, we had planned to
build a shell structure with three-dimensionally
curved surfaces; the C-shaped section
was to surround the fir tree and the plan of the
building was to resemble the letter J. In addition,
certain parts were set aside to hold double-
volume spaces. However, when going over
the budget, construction method and finish,
the plan was revised down to a shell structure
with two-dimensionally curved surfaces. The
J-shaped structure is made of two different
sized oval cylindrical masses cut with curves.
The straight part of the J, a smaller mass, connects
to the curved part of the J, which is a larger
mass. At the top of the oval-shaped building
the wall is 350 millimetres thick, and its width
continuously increases to 750 millimetres as it
descends towards the ground on both sides to
meet structural requirements. The free-curved
lines appear on the edge, and the three-dimensionally
curved surface with a twist partly
appears on the cut surfaces. The floor is built 1,400 millimetres above the ground, with the
lower half of the shell structure greatly protruding
towards the outside, supporting the terrace
of the same height. All air and exhaust outlets
are installed beneath the sash, letting air run
outside through the terrace louvre. In addition,
by devising unfixed windows, we tried to maximise
natural ventilation (we haven’t installed
air conditioning in general parts). While at a
glance, the oval-shaped cylinder space might
appear as a wasteful use of space, the functional
use of space is maximised by the installation
of furniture in the lower half of the oval
cylinder.
Shell house
A house in harmony with the uncontaminated nature of Karuizawa in Japan. Conceived to optimise maintenance and comfort. Design Artechnic. Text Kotaro Ide. Photos Nacàsa & Partners.
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- 20 November 2008