Bilbao is a beautiful city and a good place to live. fDi Intelligence, a magazine providing an authoritative voice on investment, is the latest to say so: among medium-sized cities – with a population between 200,000 and 500,000 – the Basque capital attracts talent and promotes business. Bilbao appeals because it was redesigned by architects, because it pursues sustainability, because it offers a higher quality of life than Madrid and Barcelona (this time the ranking is by OCU, Organisation of Consumers and Users).
A tour of Bilbao, a city revitalised through architecture
A brief guide to the buildings that have changed the Basque capital’s appearance and destiny: to swim in Philippe Starck’s swimming pool or cheer at César Azcárate’s San Mamés, waiting for the new neighbourhood designed by Zaha Hadid.
Courtesy ©2022 Santiago Calatrava
Photo Jean-Pierre Dalbéra
Courtesy Zarateman
Photo © Duccio Malagamba. Courtesy Rafael Moneo
Photo Tomas Fano
Courtesy Xabi1980
Photo Marco Almbauer
Photo Álvaro Ibáñez
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- Cristina D’Antonio
- 19 April 2022
Bilbao is a unique example. In 1988, it was a polluted and degraded city on the brink of ruin, cluttered with the remains of the river port. There is a newspaper article that is always referred to as a reminder of those times. The headline was: either we get a move on, or we die.
Today, instead of the rusty containers choking the Indautxu neighbourhood, there is Jeff Koons’ gigantic Puppy. Bilbao is a benchmark for the contemporary world: from Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum, celebrating its first 25 years (“Sections/Intersections” is the exhibition, from 8 September, showing his entire collection for the first time) to Zaha Hadid’s future Zorrotzaurre neighbourhood, which is finally taking shape, everything speaks of ecological reconversion and urban regeneration.
It took a strong political will and all the pride of Bilbao’s citizens for this to happen. On the one hand the creation of Bilbao Ria 2000, a public company financed 50% by the central government and the other half by the Basque authorities. On the other, the creation of Bilbao Metropoli 30, an association of universities, non-profit organisations, local public authorities, banks and foundations. Over time, the project has successfully convinced Santiago Calatrava, Norman Foster, Arata Isozaki, César Pelli, Rafael Moneo and Philippe Starck.
Santiago Calatrava has designed the gateway to the city: La Paloma (from July to October, EasyJet provides a direct flight from Milan). Simulating a bird, the airport has a roof that serves as a façade, recognisable from above and from the surrounding hills. Calatrava has designed the Zubizuri (Basque for white bridge) too. Unmistakable for its shape and (slippery) glass bricks, it links the Ensanche area with Calle Campo de Volantín, one of the city’s favourite walks, which stretches along the banks of the Nervión estuary.
Norman Foster has designed the subway, which not only connects the city but the entire valley, using green energy only. The steel, glass and concrete entrances to the stations are called fosteritos by the inhabitants. The Sarriko station, covered by a glass roof, won the Brunel Prize for railway design in 1998. As the city imposes a 30-kilometre-per-hour limit in order to fight pollution, the Euskotren metro and buses are the perfect solution.
In collaboration with Iñaki Bilbao Aurrekoetxea, Arata Isozaki has designed the 23-storey twin towers and five office buildings of the Isozaki Atea. Brick, glass, steel and natural stone redesign the Uribitarte area, which was once the city’s customs warehouse. A monumental staircase leads up to Calatrava’s bridge.
César Pelli has designed the Iberdrola Tower, which has just celebrated its tenth anniversary. It is the tallest skyscraper in the Basque Country – 165 metres high – (visitors are admitted only when exhibitions are organised) and is the symbol of the redevelopment process of Abandoibarra, a former industrial district, which has long been closed to urban use.
Rafel Moneo has designed the University of Deusto’s library. Made of glass, the building has 10 floors, 5 of which are underground, with almost one million volumes (the largest library in the region). At night, the glass bricks covering the building reflect the greenery it is set in. Nearby is the Paraninfo de la Universidad del País Vasco designed in the shape of an L by Álvaro Siza.
The Alhóndiga, the Art Nouveau wine warehouse designed by Ricardo Bastida and listed by the Basque government in 1999, has changed its name, appearance and use thanks to Philippe Starck. Today it is called Azkuna Zentroa. It rests on 43 artistic columns, and is a centre for cultural (here is the programme of events https://www.azkunazentroa.eus/en/activities/) and sporting activities. On the roof there is a swimming pool with a transparent floor, which allows the swimmers to be seen from below (you can get in with a day pass: €7.05 for the pool, €10.60 for pool+gym).
The new architecture has also changed the city’s skyline for sports. The Bilbao Arena, designed by Javier Pérez Uribarri and Nicolás Espinosa, partners in IDOM, rests on Miribilla hill, integrating into the landscape thanks to its green brick roof recalling the foliage of a tree. On the upper floor there is the Bilbao Basketball team area, while on the lower floor there are offices and a swimming pool and gym for the entire neighbourhood.
César Azcárate’s San Mamés Stadium (Ensanche neighbourhood) is one of the revolutionary signs of the new Bilbao as well. Built to replace the previous structure, which failed to meet Uefa requirements, it has a double-life façade: the EFTE plastic panels are white in sunlight, but turn red thanks to the 42,000 LEDs that light up in the evening (in short, the official colours of Athletic Bilbao).
More than a museum, Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum is a sculpture. Its 33,000 titanium flakes that change colour according to the time of day have become the symbol of the city. Costing $100 million and built over four years – from October 1993 to October 1997 – the contemporary art centre occupies an area of 24,000 square metres, 11,000 metres of which are exhibition space. Outside, in addition to Jeff Koons’ Puppy, there are Koons’ Tulips and Louise Bourgeois’ Maman.