Met Breuer

Rechristened the Met Breuer last March, the former Whitney museum will provide additional space for the Metropolitan’s 20th and 21st century collections. To make a clear break in this historic shift, the curator has decided to open with two exhibitions in very restrained taste.

Standing at the crossroads of Madison Avenue and 75th Street, the Met Breuer looks like an immense upside-down ziggurat, a granite monolith driven into the ground. An “inverted pyramid” is what a critic called it in 1966, when the building – designed by the great modernist architect Marcel Breuer – was opened.
Met Breuer
Top: Met Breuer, the lobby. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016. Left: The Met Breuer. Photo Ed Lederman
It was then the Whitney Museum, and so it remained until 2014, the year in which the historic art museum announced that it was moving to the Meatpacking District and a new building designed by Renzo Piano. Today the prestigious uptown building has been reopened. Rechristened the Met Breuer on 18 March, it will provide additional space for the Metropolitan Museum’s twentieth and twenty-first century collections. To make a clear break in this historic shift from one famous museum to another, the new curator has decided to open with a choice of exhibitions that is the complete opposite of the kitsch puppies – the work of Jeff Koons – that closed the Whitney’s last season.  
Met Breuer
Met Breuer, the lobby. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016
Sheena Wagstaff, previously of the Tate Modern in London, has started with two exhibitions in very restrained taste: “Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible” is an investigation of the theme of unfinished art from the Renaissance to the present, while “Nasreen Mohamedi” introduces the work of an artist little-known to the general public, a surprising pioneer of minimalism and experimental design in India. Both exhibitions concentrate on outlines, a sophisticated subject connected to ideas and the more intellectual side of artistic work. They are a clear indication of the new editorial line to be taken at the museum, which aims to bring the Met’s encyclopaedic collections into dialogue with modern and contemporary art from around the world. In parallel, at the main site on Fifth Avenue, they are preparing to restructure the wing housing art from twenty and twenty-first centuries with a large extension to be designed by the David Chipperfield Architects studio.  
Met Breuer
Met Breuer, the lobby. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016

The calendar of future events is very varied. In June there is Diane Arbus, with a selection of rarely seen early photographs, and then Kerry James Marshall, an explorer of Afro-American culture. In November the spotlight shifts to the public designs of Breuer himself, through the photographs of Luisa Lambri and Bas Princen.

Whether you call it the Whitney or the Met, when you enter the building, the architectural details and the furnishing solutions always come as a surprise. In the entrance, an endless sequence of lights, like solar discs, cover the whole ceiling, forming a vast luminous carpet, almost a tribute to the pulsating signs of the Broadway theatres. In the rooms above, an avant-garde system of tracks on a grid allow the exhibition panels and the lighting to be moved, while complex window embrasures let the light penetrate the rooms but without ever making it difficult to see the works, and create a chequer board of inscrutable eyes on the building’s external facade.

Met Breuer
Met Breuer, the staircases. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016
The restoration choices made by Beyer Blinder Belle Architects & Planners have carefully followed Breuer’s philosophy, in the firm belief that use and the passage of time dignifies materials. The bare stone and concrete, features of Brutalist architecture, chosen because they are close to the earth, have simply been restored to their natural state. The bluestone floors have been polished with natural oils, while the wooden balustrades have been stripped of their coverings and taken back to their original matte finish. All the later interventions have been removed. Restored too are beautiful features like the circular clock in the atrium, and the mechanism of the rack used to collect the clothes (rather technological in its day) in the cloakroom is now visible once again, as it was in the design. The restoration aimed to focus attention on all the small features that help to make this extraordinary building not a cold and distant environment, but a human-proportioned space, almost an intimate one – a hospitable idea of elegant salons which the visitor is not intimidated by, but invited to share and make use of.
Met Breuer
View of the exhibition Nasreen Mohamedi. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016
The centrepiece of the opening is clearly “Unfinished”: forty per cent of the works on show are owned by the Met, making it the most important event. Arranged over two floors, the exhibition is ordered chronologically by theme. It starts with a quotation from Pliny the Elder, who saw artists’ unfinished works as offering valuable insights into their actual thoughts. Standing out near the entrance is Leonardo’s Scapigliata, a work on loan from Parma’s Galleria Nazionale. According to art historians, although the magnificent head is an unfinished portrait, the choice to render the face in detail but leave the curly hair merely hinted at was the artist’s intention from the outset. Leonardo must have been inspired by Apelles’ last depiction of Venus, which the Greek master left unfinished but which was no less admired by his Greek contemporaries because of this. 
Met Breuer
View of the exhibition Unfinished. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016
Among the Renaissance masters there is the fascinating case of Dürer’s Salvator Mundi, an oil painting on board in which the finely executed preparatory drawing is clearly visible under the paint. It is said that the artist intentionally left the work in this transitional state to show off his drawing ability to pupils and clients visiting his studio. The Turner room, further on in the exhibition, makes a huge impact. Late works become disordered landscapes, pure atmospheric evocations of the countryside. Then comes the work of Giacometti, a good example of perpetual dissatisfaction. The artist was known for returning again and again to his works – he never considered them definitively finished and often made significant changes to pieces that had already gone on show to the public. Arriving on the second floor, the visitor is welcomed by a series of Picassos and a harlequin only half-coloured – a clear metaphor for the modern artist, a figure unfinished by definition.  
Met Breuer
View of the exhibition Unfinished. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016

One room is then dedicated to the relationship with unfinished art from the 1950s onwards, which translated into works created in series or repetitions of the same theme. Another room focuses on interaction, with the visitor asked to complete works by Lichtenstein and Warhol. Various works, such as two sculptures in chocolate and soap by Janine Antoni, also show that unfinished art can take the form of destruction and voluntary disintegration. Or it becomes an act that is an end in itself, a process, as in Rauschenberg’s White Paintings, works that are always on the verge of becoming something new since they are cyclically repainted by Rauschenberg and even by other artists.

To close is a stroll among the trees in garden of Cy Twombly’s house-cum-studio in the Italian town of Gaeta. The work is a series of six panels – an exquisitely Italian vision that the American artist refused to sell, keeping them in his private collection to the end of this life. It is difficult to say whether Twombly himself saw them as truly finished.

© all rights reserved
Met Breuer
View of the exhibition Unfinished. Photo © The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2016

until 5 June 2016
Nasreen Mohamedi
until 4 September 2016
Unfinished
The Met Breuer
945 Madison Avenue, New York

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