In December 1957, Domus published
"a scheme for 15 houses"
on the Monterinaldi hill overlooking
Florence, where the architect
Leonardo Ricci had transformed the
steep slope of a stone quarry into an
experiment in open housing.
Ricci sums up the project's philosophy
of client scouting and self-construction
thus: "It would perhaps be
best if everybody could build their
own house… and if children could be
taught to lay bricks in the same way as
they learn to speak."
"You dig a furrow
in the ground. Take a few stones.
Mix them with mortar. The wall rises
and divides the space, creating a new
space that wasn't there before. On this
side it tends to be windy. Here you
have the southern sun. From here you
have a view of the sea. And the walls divide
increasingly lively spaces. Some
in the shade. Others bathed in light.
High here, low there. Here is a good
part for resting in ... Here for working.
A house is born…"
In this condition, Ricci, who had just
returned from Paris, worked among
artists, craftsmen and intellectuals
who were attracted by this existential
programme, and to whom the
architect had sold plots of land at reduced
prices in exchange for commissions
to design their architecture.
In these projects the architect adopted
the grammar of his own house:
volumes clinging to ground-level
curves, load-bearing partitions in local
stone, beams and inclined slabs
of fair-faced reinforced concrete, uncomplicated
wooden stairs, and plain
iron frames. This stood in contrast to
the elegant stone and marble finishes
and numerous artistic contributions:
the ceramic panels on the living room
terrace and on the library wall, and
compositions in recycled stained glass
for the "stone garden" in front of the
house. The close interaction between
architecture and the figurative arts
was directly borne out in the experimental
plastic arts show 'la cava' (the
quarry), organised by Ricci in 1955
with Fiamma Vigo in and around the
Monterinaldi houses.
"Nowadays one is bound to be existential,
so to speak (not existentialist). Only those acts and consequently
those forms which spring from man's
existential truths and not from futile
motives of taste will be fundamental…
In a house one sleeps, eats and
lives… Its value lies in the 'way' these
acts are carried out."
The houses of the architect and his
friends live on the continuity of interior
space, where the functions of
habitation are filtered by variations of
section and light rather than by partitions,
and by varied relations between
interior and exterior spaces opening
onto the landscape.
In an autobiographical book published
in 1962 in the US, Ricci sets
out his intentions: that houses should
form a single organism, arising from
different conditions at different
times, using available materials as if
the earth had given birth to them.
Created in 1949 and completed in
1952, during the following two decades
the mutant body of the house
was subjected to at least six phases
of self-criticism and restless integrations,
among which were the painting
and architecture studio on two
levels, built beneath the living room
terrace in 1955.
Thus Ricci's intentions
would seem to suggest that
these spaces might today accommodate,
as indeed they do, the studiohome
of a group of young Florentine
architects. They have taken their
name – Eutropia – from the third
city in the exchanges between Italo Calvino's "Invisible Cities", where the
inhabitants live out their lives while
toing and froing between numerous
identical cities, as on the squares of
a chessboard. Matteo Baralli, Luca
Barontini, Jacopo Carli, Ugo Dattilo
and Antonella Tundo, who founded
the group in 2003, work on the upper
level, in what was Ricci's painting
studio. Dattilo and Tundo live on the
lower level where the architecture studio
originally was. Contact with the
architect's heirs, who inhabit the rest
of the house, came four years ago, at
the time of Ugo Dattilo's doctorate
thesis on the "theoretical home", an
experimental project conceived by
Ricci in 1956. For many years it was
considered utopian, until Giovanni
Klaus Koenig, one of the architect's
former students, published its drawings
and documented its destination6,
confirmed by traces of foundations
near the first Monterinaldi
house.
Leonardo Ricci: fluid spaces
Reinjected into the architectural and painting studio at Monterinaldi is what Giovanni Klaus Koenig called "the spatial conformation of existence". Text Luigi Spinelli. Photos Mario Ciampi and Archivi Domus.
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- 14 September 2010
- Florence