Western Sahara Pavilion

For the first time a nation in exile is represented with a pavilion at the Biennale Architettura di Venezia. The project uses the controversial concept of the “national pavilion” as an instrument to bring the Western Sahara on eye level with the other nations represented at the Biennale, while also allowing for novel ideas for the nation state to enter the debate.

At a time, when the topic of refugees is dominating the news of today’s media, and the Western world is at odds how to deal with this dynamics, a contribution that brings in a new perspective of refugees as self-determining and sovereign individuals through architecture, is more than crucial and shows the relevance of our discipline of architecture and urbanism.

The Western Sahara is a country located at the western edge of the African continent. Formerly a Spanish colonial territory, and since 1975 occupied by Morocco, it has been called the world’s last remaining colony. With the beginning of a guerrilla war against Morocco, most of the Western Saharan population – the Sahrawis – had to flee across the border into Algeria where it settled in refugee camps, today housing approximately 160,000 Sahrawis. Even though the Sahrawis do not have control over their own country, they proclaimed independence of the Western Sahara on February 27, 1976. Its sovereignty is recognized today by approximately 40 countries, though its status remains unresolved.

Having lived for 40 years in refugee camps in the border zone of south-western Algeria, the Sahrawi population has developed a unique set of urban and architectural tools, as well as design methodologies to deal with the condition of transience and liminality. The buildings address topics such as permanence and temporality, modesty and decoration, tradition and modernity. These terms are not understood as opposites, but they always co-exist simultaneously in the architecture of the camps.

Instead of seeing the Sahrawi camps as pure spaces of exception, or as the spatialized state of emergency, it is necessary to acknowledge the everyday urban activities that play out in the camps, and how they are agents in the production of space. Spaces of everyday life show how the camp is used as a field of social, cultural, economical and political exchange, thus giving the camps an urban quality. It recognizes the importance of ‘normality’ in an abnormal condition. 

The Pavilion sees the participation of Manuel Herz with the National Union of Sahrawi Women, collaborators Fatma Mehdi Hassan, Warda Abdelfatah Mohamed, Chej Mohamed Chadad, François de Font-Réaulx, Penny Alevizou and the curatorial advise of Nina Zimmer.

until 27 November 2016
Pavilion of the Western Sahara
15. Venice Architecture Biennale
La Biennale, Giardini
Venice