Skopje in transition

The photographer Anna Positano documented the recent transformation of the Macedonian capital that has taken its shape in the last 50 years, through phisycal and political hearthquakes.

Skopje is a case study to analyse contemporary architecture and identity in the Balkans, in the light of the current Macedonian political affairs and urban transformations. Several cultures and long-lasting migrations shaped Skopje’s urban fabric. Yet the city is mostly the result of political choices of the last fifty years.

Anna Positano, Skopje. Top: Contemporary Art Museum of Macedonia by Waclaw Klyszewski, Jerzy Mokrzynski and Eugeniush Wiezbicki, 1970. View from the terrace. Above: Recent constructions in Mother Teresa Square according to Skopje 2014 plans, near the Macedonian Opera and Ballet House

In 1963 the global political response to Skopje's earthquake profoundly affected the city. As the Cold War reached its climax, international efforts to rebuild the city had the objective to pursue a global political stability. With the support of the United Nations, the Yugoslavian government adopted Kenzo Tange’s reconstruction plan of brutalist buildings, which made Skopje a modern, utopian metropolis. When Macedonia gained independence in 1991, nationalist politics changed the identity of Skopje’s architecture. The Socialist, international post-quake architecture could not represent Macedonian identity any more. Along with slow political transition, in 2010 the government announced a plan of urban renovation, Skopje 2014. The plan is turning Skopje’s brutalist heritage into neo-neoclassical buildings. The new confused and scattered built environment takes apart the civil society from architecture. This in combination with a young, uncertain political situation affects people’s personal and socio-cultural values. The plan attracted strong criticism since its announcement. Protesters have taken to the streets of Skopje and recently have turned into a Colourful Revolution against the general cultural austerity.

Anna Positano, Skopje. Central Train Station platform, designed according to Kenzo Tange’s plans by a group of young Japanese architects among which Arata Isozaki, 1966

Similar to other former Socialist countries, Skopje appears unable to re-examine and evaluate its architectural past. A city that once was the model of global architectural solidarity, now offers a case study of transitional post-Socialist dystopia. Jana Konstantinova

Anna Positano, Skopje. View of the statue Warrior on a Horse in Macedonia Square, Skopje’s main public space. The 14.5 m sculpture was cast in Florence and assembled in place as part of Skopje 2014 plans. They erected it in 2011 to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of independence. The statue is thought to depict Alexander the Great, yet it is not officially named after him
Anna Positano, Skopje. The Stone Bridge, towards the main square
Anna Positano, Skopje. City Gallery Shopping Mall, formerly the Ethnographic Museum by Milan Zloković, 1933, in Macedonia Square
Anna Positano, Skopje. View of the city centre across the Varadar River. In the background the Telecommunication building, 1975, and the Central Post Office, 1982, by Janko Konstantinov
Anna Positano, Skopje. Central Post Office by Janko Konstantinov, 1982.
Anna Positano, Skopje. Central Post Office by Janko Konstantinov, 1982.
Anna Positano, Skopje. Ufficio della Posta Centrale, Janko Konstantinov, 1982
Anna Positano, Skopje. GTC Shopping mall by Zivko Popovski, 1973
Anna Positano, Skopje. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Financial Police buildings along the Vardar River and the Art Bridge. Both are part of Skopje’s 2014 makeover
Anna Positano, Skopje. View of the bazaar and the city from the Contemporary Art Museum of Macedonia
Anna Positano, Skopje. Panorama of the city and Mount Vodno from Kale Fortress, 6th century
Anna Positano, Skopje. Skopje 2014 makeover on the Vardar River


Anna Positano (Genoa 1981) is an artist and independent researcher with a background in architecture and photography. Her work encompasses the reciprocal influence between landscape and society and explores everyday places through photography and video. Her projects have been exhibited internationally. Alongside her artistic and research practice, she works on commission for architects and magazines.